To determine what sort of treatment he would use for an ailing patient, a Chinese physician made a diagnosis on the basis of four methods. First he conducted a visual inspection of the sufferer's physical appearance—face, tongue, lips, and teeth—to find signs of disease. Besides looking for obvious manifestations of a pathological condition, such as ulcers, tumors, rashes, swellings, and the like, he watched for abnormal skin colorations that indicated problems in an organ
